See also: Key facts about Title 42, the pandemic policy that has reshaped immigration enforcement at U.S.-Mexico borderĪs the coronavirus pandemic has gone on, there has also been a notable shift in the origin countries of migrants crossing into the U.S. In November 2022, about two-thirds of all migrant encounters (68%) ended in apprehension under Title 8, while around a third (32%) resulted in expulsion under Title 42. But that pattern has shifted more recently under the Biden administration. In the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S., the Border Patrol relied heavily on Title 42 to expel most of the migrants it encountered at the border. The law empowers federal health authorities to stop migrants from entering the country if it is determined that doing so could prevent the spread of contagious diseases. code, a previously rarely used section of the law that was invoked by the Trump administration during the early stages of the coronavirus pandemic. Expulsions are carried out under Title 42 of the U.S. Migrants are immediately expelled to their home country or last country of transit without being held in U.S. Apprehensions are carried out under Title 8 of the U.S. Migrants are taken into custody in the United States – at least temporarily – to await adjudication. Migrant encounters refer to two distinct kinds of events: It excludes encounters reported by the Office of Field Operations. This analysis only includes monthly encounters reported by the Border Patrol. As a result, the overall number of encounters reported in a given month may overstate the number of distinct individuals involved. It is important to note that encounters refer to events, not people, and that some migrants are encountered more than once. In this analysis, all references to migrant encounters prior to March 2020 refer to apprehensions only. CBP began publishing data on migrant encounters in March 2020, when expulsions began under a public health order called Title 42. The analysis is based on a metric known as monthly migrant encounters.Įncounters encompass two distinct kinds of events: apprehensions, in which migrants are taken into custody in the United States – at least temporarily – to await adjudication, and expulsions, in which migrants are immediately expelled to their home country or last country of transit without being held in U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) to assess how migration patterns at the U.S.-Mexico border have changed over time. This Pew Research Center analysis examines current and historical data from U.S. Recent monthly totals far exceed the peak reached during the last major wave of migration at the U.S.-Mexico border in May 2019 and are roughly on par with the previous peak reached in March 2000. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), the federal agency that encompasses the Border Patrol. The number of monthly migrant encounters had fallen to 16,182 – the second-lowest total in more than 20 years – in April 2020, shortly after the coronavirus outbreak forced the closure of the southwestern border and slowed migration across much of the world.īut encounters with migrants at the U.S.-Mexico border have soared since then, with 206,239 reported in November 2022, according to the latest available monthly data from U.S. President Joe Biden and his Mexican counterpart, Andrés Manuel López Obrador. The recent influx of migrants at the southwestern border has been a key topic of discussion this week in meetings between U.S. Border Patrol agents and migrants attempting to cross into the United States at the U.S.-Mexico border remain at levels not seen in more than two decades, according to the latest available government statistics.
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